Pulmonary
infiltrations inducing drugs "Go BAN Me!":
Gold
Bleomycin/
Busulphan/ BCNU
Amiodarone/
Acyclovir/ Azathioprine
Nitrofurantoin
Melphalan/
Methotrexate/ Methysergide
MPTP:
mechanism, effect MPTP:
Mitochondrial
Parkinson's-Type Poison.
· A
mitochondrial poison that elicits a Parkinson's-type effect.
Antimuscarinics: members, action
"Inhibits
Parasympathetic And Sweat":
Ipratropium
Pirenzepine Atropine Scopolamine
· Muscarinic
receptors at all parasympathetic endings sweat glands in sympathetic.
Teratogenic
drugs: major non-antibiotics TAP CAP:
Thalidomide
Androgens Progestins Corticosteroids Aspirin &
indomethacin Phenytoin
Steroid
side effects CUSHINGOID:
Cataracts
Ulcers
Skin:
striae, thinning, bruising
Hypertension/
Hirsutism/ Hyperglycemia
Infections
Necrosis,
avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Glycosuria
Osteoporosis,
obesity
Immunosuppression
Diabetes
Beta
blockers with CYP2D6 polymorphic metabolism
"I Met Tim
Carver, the metabolic polymorph":
· The
following beta blockers require dose adjustment due to CYP2D6 polymorphic
metabolism:
Metoprolol
Timolol Carvedilol (in patients with lower or higher than normal
CYP2D6 activity)
Beta
blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
Picture diabetic
and asthmatic
kids riding away on a cart
that rolls on pinwheels.
Pindolol and Carteolol have high and moderate ISA respectively,
making them acceptable for use in some diabetics or asthmatics despite the fact
that they are non-seletive beta blockers.
Muscarinic
effects SLUG BAM:
Salivation/
Secretions/ Sweating
Lacrimation
Urination
Gastrointestinal
upset
Bradycardia/
Bronchoconstriction/ Bowel movement
Abdominal
cramps/ Anorexia
Miosis
Sulfonamide: major side effects
· Sulfonamide
side effects:
Steven-Johnson
syndrome
Skin
rash
Solubility
low (causes crystalluria)
Serum
albumin displaced (causes newborn kernicterus and potentiation of other serum
albumin-binders like warfarin)
Epilepsy
types, drugs of choice:
"Military
General Attacked Weary Fighters Pronouncing 'Veni
Vedi Veci' After Crushing Enemies":
· Epilepsy
types: Myoclonic Grand mal Atonic West syndrome Focal
Petit mal (absence)
· Respective
drugs: Valproate Valproate Valproate ACTH Carbamazepine
Ethosuximide
Quinolones [and
Fluoroquinolones]: mechanism
"Topple the Queen":
Quinolone interferes with Topoisomerase II.
Beta
blockers:
B1
selective vs. B1-B2 non-selective
A through
N: B1 selective:
Acebutalol, Atenolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol.
O through
Z: B1, B2 non-selective:
Pindolol, Propanalol, Timolol.
Ribavirin:
indications RIBAvirin:
RSV
Influenza
B
Arenaviruses
(Lassa, Bolivian, etc.)
Hypertension: treatment ABCD:
ACE
inhibitors/ AngII antagonists (sometimes Alpha agonists also)
Beta blockers
Calcium
antagonists
Diuretics
Narcotics:
side effects "SCRAM
if you see a drug dealer": Synergistic CNS depression with other drugs
Constipation
Respiratory
depression
Addiction
Miosis
Sex hormone
drugs: male "Feminine
Males Need Testosterone":
Fluoxymesterone
Methyltestosterone
Nandrolone
Testosterone
Ca++
channel blockers: uses CA++
MASH:
Cerebral
vasospasm/ CHF
Angina
Migranes
Atrial
flutter, fibrillation
Supraventricular
tachycardia
Hypertension
·
Alternatively: "CHASM":
Cererbral
vasospasm / CHF
Hypertension
Angina
Suprventricular
tachyarrhythmia
Migranes
Disulfiram-like reaction inducing drugs "PM PMT" as in Pre Medical
Test in the PM:
Procarbazine
Metronidazole
Cefo (Perazone,
Mandole, Tetan).
Delerium-causing drugs ACUTE CHANGE IN MS:
Antibiotics
(biaxin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin)
Cardiac
drugs (digoxin, lidocaine)
Urinary
incontinence drugs (anticholinergics)
Theophylline
Ethanol
Corticosteroids
H2
blockers
Antiparkinsonian
drugs
Narcotics
(esp. mepridine)
Geriatric
psychiatric drugs
ENT
drugs
Insomnia
drugs
NSAIDs
(eg indomethacin, naproxin)
Muscle
relaxants
Seizure
medicines
Morphine:
side-effects MORPHINE:
Myosis
Out
of it (sedation)
Respiratory
depression
Pneumonia
(aspiration)
Hypotension
Infrequency
(constipation, urinary retention)
Nausea
Emesis
Therapeutic
dosage: toxicity values for most commonly monitored medications
"The magic
2s":
Digitalis
(.5-1.5) Toxicity = 2.
Lithium
(.6-1.2) Toxicity = 2.
Theophylline
(10-20) Toxicity = 20.
Dilantin
(10-20) Toxicity = 20.
APAP (1-30)
Toxicity = 200.
Diuretics:
thiazides:
indications "CHIC
to use thiazides":
CHF
Hypertension
Insipidous
Calcium
calculi
Migraine:
prophylaxis drugs
"Very
Volatile Pharmacotherapeutic Agents For Migraine
Prophylaxis":
Verpamil
Valproic
acid
Pizotifen
Amitriptyline
Flunarizine
Methysergide
Propranolol
Adrenoceptors: vasomotor function of alpha vs. beta
ABCD:
Alpha
= Constrict.
Beta
= Dilate.
Antiarrhythmics: classification
I to IV MBA
College
· In order of
class I to IV:
Membrane
stabilizers (class I)
Beta
blockers
Action
potential widening agents
Calcium
channel blockers
Opiods: mu
receptor effects "MD
CARES":
Miosis
Dependency
Constipation
Analgesics
Respiratory
depression
Euphoria
Sedation
Cancer
drugs: time of action between DNA->mRNA ABCDEF:
Alkylating agents
Bleomycin
Cisplastin
Dactinomycin/
Doxorubicin
Etoposide
Flutamide
and other steroids or their antagonists (eg tamoxifen, leuprolide)
Busulfan:
features ABCDEF:
Alkylating
agent
Bone
marrow suppression s/e
CML
indication
Dark
skin (hyperpigmentation) s/e
Endrocrine
insufficiency (adrenal) s/e
Fibrosis
(pulmonary) s/e
Tricyclic
antidepressants: members worth knowing
"I have to
hide, the CIA is after me":
Clomipramine
Imipramine Amitrptyline
· If want the
next 3 worth knowing, the DNDis also after me:
Desipramine
Norrtriptyline Doxepin
Torsades de
Pointes: drugs causing APACHE:
Amiodarone
Procainamide Arsenium Cisapride Haloperidol Eritromycin
Serotonin
syndrome: components
Causes HARM:
Hyperthermia
Autonomic instability (delirium) Rigidity Myoclonus
Tetracycline: teratogenicity
TEtracycline
is a TEratogen that causes staining of TEeth in the newborn.
Patent
ductus arteriosus: treatment
"Come In
and Close the door": INdomethacin is used to Close PDA.
Physostigmine vs. neostigmine LMNOP:
Lipid
soluble
Miotic
Natural
Orally
absorbed well
Physostigmine
· Neostigmine,
on the contrary, is:
Water soluble
Used in
myesthenia gravis
Synthetic
Poor oral
absorption
Beta 1
selective blockers
"BEAM ONE
up, Scotty":
Beta
1 blockers:
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metropolol
Antirheumatic agents (disease modifying): members
CHAMP:
Cyclophosphamide
Hydroxycloroquine
and choloroquinine
Auranofin
and other gold compounds
Methotrexate
Penicillamine
Auranofin,
aurothioglucose: category and indication
Aurum
is latin for "gold" (gold's chemical symbol is Au).
Generic Aur-
drugs (Auranofin, Aurothioglucose) are gold compounds.
· If didn't
learn yet that gold's indication is rheumatoid arthritis, AUR- Acts Upon
Rheumatoid.
Antiarrhythmics: class III members BIAS:
Bretylium
Ibutilide
Amiodarone
Sotalol
MAOIs:
indications MAOI'S:
Melancholic
[classic name for atypical depression]
Anxiety
Obesity
disorders [anorexia, bulemia]
Imagined
illnesses [hypochondria]
Social
phobias
· Listed in
decreasing order of importance.
· Note MAOI is
inside MelAnchOlIc.
SIADH-inducing drugs ABCD:
Analgesics:
opioids, NSAIDs
Barbiturates
Cyclophosphamide/
Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine
Diuretic
(thiazide)
K+
increasing agents K-BANK:
K-sparing
diuretic
Beta
blocker
ACEI
NSAID
K
supplement
Reserpine
action:
Reserpine
depletes the Reserves of catecholamines [and serotonin].
Succinylcholine:
action, use
Succinylcholine gets
Stuck to Ach receptor, then Sucks ions in through open pore. You
Suck stuff in through a mouth-tube, and drug is used for intubation.
Beta-blockers: side effects "BBC Loses Viewers
In Rochedale": Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Claudication
Lipids
Vivid
dreams & nightmares
-ve Inotropic
action
Reduced
sensitivity to hypoglycaemia
Cisplatin:
major side effect, action "Ci-Splat-In":
Major side
effect: Splat (vomiting sound)--vomiting so severe that anti-nausea drug
needed. Action: Goes Into the DNA strand.
Vir-named
drugs: use"-vir
at start, middle or end means for virus": · Drugs:
Abacavir,
Acyclovir,
Amprenavir,
Cidofovir,
Denavir,
Efavirenz,
Indavir,
Invirase,
Famvir,
Ganciclovir,
Norvir,
Oseltamivir,
Penciclovir,
Ritonavir,
Saquinavir,
Valacyclovir,
Viracept,
Viramune,
Zanamivir,
Zovirax.
Phenobarbitone: side effects
Children are
annoying (hyperkinesia, irritability, insomnia, aggression).
Adults are
dosy (sedation, dizziness, drowsiness).
Prazocin:
usage
Prazocin
sounds like an acronym of "praszz zour urine".
Therefore
Prazocin used for urinary retention in BPH.
Opioids:
effects BAD AMERICANS:
Bradycardia
& hypotension
Anorexia
Diminished
pupilary size
Analgesics
Miosis
Euphoria
Respiratory
depression
Increased
smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction) Constipation
Ameliorate
cough reflex
Nausea
and vomiting
Sedation
TB:
antibiotics used
STRIPE:
STreptomycin
Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrizinamide Ethambutol
Phenytoin:
adverse effects PHENYTOIN:
P-450
interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged
gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning
of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference
with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)
Neuropathies:
vertigo, ataxia, and headache
Narcotic antagonists
The Narcotic
Antagonists
are NAloxone
and NAltrexone.
· Important clinically to treat narcotic overdose.
Thrombolytic agents USA:
Urokinase
Streptokinase Alteplase (tPA)
Routes of
entry: most rapid ways meds/toxins enter body
"Stick
it, Sniff it, Suck it, Soak it":
Stick =
Injection
Sniff =
inhalation
Suck =
ingestion
Soak = absorption
Asthma drugs: inhibitor action
zAfirlukast:
Antagonist
of LT
zIlueton:
Inhibitor
of 5-LO
Direct
sympathomimetic catecholamines DINED:
Dopamine
Isoproterenol
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dobutamine
Anticholinergic side effects
"Know the
ABCD'S
of anticholinergic side effects":
Anorexia
Blurry
vision
Constipation/
Confusion
Dry
Mouth
Sedation/
Stasis of urine
Atropine use: tachycardia or bradycardia
"A goes
with B": Atropine
used clinically to treat Bradycardia.
Bleomycin:
action
"Bleo-Mycin
Blows My DNA to bits": Bleomycin works by fragmenting DNA (blowing
it to bits). My DNA signals that its used for cancer (targeting self
cells).
Aspirin:
side effects ASPIRIN:
Asthma
Salicyalism
Peptic
ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet
disaggregation/ Premature closure of PDA
Intestinal
blood loss
Reye's
syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise
(tinnitus)
Lupus:
drugs inducing it HIP:
Hydralazine
INH
Procanimide
Vigabatrin:
mechanism Vi-GABA-Tr-In:
Via
GABA Transferase Inhibition
Morphine:
effects at mu receptor PEAR:
Physical
dependence
Euphoria
Analgesia
Respiratory
depression
Enoxaprin
(prototype low molecular weight heparin): action, monitoring EnoXaprin only acts on
factor Xa. Monitor Xa concentration, rather than APTT.
Beta-1 vs
Beta-2 receptor location "You have 1 heart and 2
lungs":
Beta-1
are therefore primarily on heart. Beta-2 primarily on lungs.
SSRIs: side
effects SSRI:
Serotonin
syndrome
Stimulate
CNS
Reproductive
disfunctions in male
Insomnia
Ipratropium: action Atropine
is buried in the middle:
iprAtropium,
so it behaves like Atropine.
Warfarin:
action, monitoring WePT:
Warfarin
works on the extrinsic pathway and is monitored by PT.
Propranolol
and related '-olol' drugs: usage"olol"
is just two backwards lower case b's. Backward b's stand for "beta blocker".
· Beta blockers include acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol,
oxprenolol, propranolol.
Depression:
5 drugs causing it PROMS:
Propranolol
Reserpine
Oral
contraceptives
Methyldopa
Steroids
Lead
poisoning: presentation ABCDEFG:
Anemia
Basophilic
stripping
Colicky
pain
Diarrhea
Encephalopathy
Foot
drop
Gum
(lead line)
Myasthenia
gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmine
eDrophonium
is for Diagnosis.
pyRIDostigmine
is to get RID of symptoms.
Morphine:
effects MORPHINES:
Miosis
Orthostatic
hypotension
Respiratory
depression
Pain
supression
Histamine
release/ Hormonal alterations
Increased
ICT
Nausea
Euphoria
Sedation
Inhalation
anesthetics SHINE:
Sevoflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Nitrous
oxide
Enflurane
· If want the
defunct Methoxyflurane too, make it MoonSHINE.
Cholinergics (eg organophosphates): effects
If you know
these, you will be "LESS DUMB":
Lacrimation
Excitation
of nicotinic synapses
Salivation
Sweating
Diarrhea
Urination
Micturition
Bronchoconstriction
Benzodiazapines: ones not metabolized by the liver (safe to use in liver
failure) LOT: Lorazepam
Oxazepam Temazepam
Benzodiazepines: actions
"Ben
SCAMs Pam into seduction not by brain but by muscle":
Sedation
anti-Convulsant
anti-Anxiety
Muscle
relaxant
Not by brain:
No antipsychotic activity.
Botulism
toxin: action, related bungarotoxin
Action: "Botulism
Bottles up the Ach so it can't be the released":
Related
bungarotoxin: "Botulism is related to Beta Bungarotoxin
(beta-, not alpha-bungarotoxin--alpha has different mechanism).
Teratogenic
drugs "W/
TERATOgenic":
Warfarin
Thalidomide
Epileptic
drugs: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Retinoid
ACE
inhibitor
Third
element: lithium
OCP
and other hormones (eg danazol)
Gynaecomastia-causing drugs DISCOS:
Digoxin
Isoniazid
Spironolactone
Cimetidine
Oestrogens
Stilboestrol
Benzodiazepenes: drugs which decrease their metabolism
"I'm
Overly Calm":
Isoniazid
Oral
contraceptive pills
Cimetidine
· These drugs
increase calming effect of BZDs by retarding metabolism.
Anesthesia:
4 stages "Anesthesiologists
Enjoy S & M":
Analgesia
Excitement
Surgical
anesthesia
Medullary
paralysis
4-Aminopyradine (4-AP) use"4-AP
is For AP":
For AP (action
potential) propagation in Multiple Sclerosis.
Osmotic
diuretics: members GUM:
Glycerol
Urea
Mannitol
Sodium
valproate: side effects VALPROATE:
Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver
toxicity
Pancreatitis/
Pancytopenia
Retention
of fats (weight gain)
Oedema
(peripheral oedema)
Appetite
increase
Tremor
Enzyme
inducer (liver)
Nitrofurantoin: major side effects NitroFurAntoin:
Neuropathy
(peripheral neuropathy)
Fibrosis
(pulmonary fibrosis)
Anemia
(hemolytic anemia)
Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Cinalukast:
mechanism,
usage"Zafir-luk-ast,
Monte-luk-ast, Cina-luk-ast": · Anti-Lukotrienes
for Asthma.
· Dazzle your
oral examiner: Zafirlukast antagonizes leukotriene-4.
Zero order
kinetics drugs (most common ones) "PEAZ (sounds like pees) out
a constant amount":
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin
Zero
order
· Someone that
pees out a constant amount describes zero order kinetics (always the same amount
out)
Hepatic
necrosis: drugs causing focal to massive necrosis
"Very
Angry Hepatocytes":
Valproic
acid
Acetaminophen
Halothane
Steroids:
side effects BECLOMETHASONE:
Buffalo
hump
Easy
bruising
Cataracts
Larger
appetite
Obesity
Moonface
Euphoria
Thin
arms & legs
Hypertension/
Hyperglycaemia
Avascular
necrosis of femoral head
Skin
thinning
Osteoporosis
Negative
nitrogen balance
Emotional
liability
Amiodarone:
action, side effects 6
P's:
Prolongs
action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation
of skin
Peripheral
neuropathy
Pulmonary
alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral
conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism
Monoamine
oxidase inhibitors:
Members
"PIT of despair":
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
·
A pit of
despair, since MAOs treat depression
Warfarin:
metabolism SLOW:
· Has a
slow onset of action.
· A quicK
Vitamin K antagonist, though.
Small
lipid-soluble molecule
Liver:
site of action
Oral
route of administration.
Warfarin
Propythiouracil (PTU):
Mechanism
It inhibits PTU:
Peroxidase/
Peripheral deiodination
Tyrosine
iodination Union (coupling)
Antibiotics
contraindicated during pregnancy MCAT:
Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline
Beta-blockers:
nonselective beta-blockers"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem"
(because he
has a runny nose...):
Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol
Methyldopa:
side
effects METHYLDOPA:
Mental
retardation
Electrolyte
imbalance
Tolerance
Headache/
Hepatotoxicity psYcological upset
Lactation
in female
Dry
mouth
Oedema
Parkinsonism
Anaemia
(haemolytic)
Lithium:
side effects LITH:
Leukocytosis
Insipidus
[diabetes insipidus, tied to polyuria]
Tremor/
Teratogenesis
Hypothyroidism
Respiratory
depression inducing drugs "STOP breathing":
Sedatives
and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins
Benzodiazepenes: antidote "Ben is off with the
flu":
Benzodiazepine
effects off with Flumazenil.
Posts
