Hypercalcemia

 
Hypercalcemia:
Risk Factors:

• Hyperparathyroidism
• Malignant disease
• Prolonged immobilization
• Vitamin D excess
• Thiazide diuretics
• Lithium

Manifestations:

• Ca++ > 10 mg/dL
• Muscle weakness
• Decreased DTRs
• Hypercalciuria/renal stones
• Dysrhythmias
• Confusion
• Anxiety
• Lethargy/coma

Interventions:

• Increase mobility
• Isotonic IVF
• Furosemide
• Calcitonin
• Glucocorticoids
• Biophosphonates
• NOTE: increased risk of fractures